Examples
AIMS monitoring. The south fell fastest; the north held up longer, then slipped too.
Source
AIMS Long-Term Monitoring · official
Northern, Central, and Southern GBR sectors, published survey years
Hard coral cover is a blunt but useful pulse check: it tracks how much living reef skeleton is still growing on the seafloor. A single bad bleaching summer can shave off a decade of recovery in one year.
The regional split matters. Northern reefs often bounce back faster after heat stress, while southern sites can look stable for years and then break in one survey cycle. The recent southern plunge — with central and northern lines bending down after — is the pattern AIMS warns about when heat stacks on crown-of-thorns outbreaks. Treat the last points as provisional until the next published survey confirms them.
Leading-edge logic and packaging. One island holds most of the world’s capacity.
Source
Industry capacity estimates (SIA / TrendForce summaries) · estimate
No published page backs these numbers.
Basis · Leading-edge share, rounded published ranges
“Advanced chips” is not all semiconductors — it is the bleeding-edge nodes phone and AI accelerators need. Taiwan’s share is not an accident: TSMC concentrated capital, talent, and customer trust for decades while others chased memory or lagged on R&D.
The concentration is the story. A disruption in Taiwan would not just raise prices — it would idle factories worldwide with no quick substitute. Policy talk about “friend-shoring” is really about buying down that single-point-of-failure risk, slowly.
September maxima in million km². The Montreal Protocol bend is visible — variability still swings wide.
The ozone hole is seasonal: each Antarctic spring, cold stratospheric clouds let chlorine destroy ozone fast. “Peak area” is how big that wound gets before summer warmth closes it.
The long decline after the 1990s is the Montreal Protocol working — CFCs were phased out and stratospheric chlorine is finally falling. Recent bumps do not undo that victory; they reflect cold winters and volcanic aerosols temporarily sharpening the hole. Recovery is measured in decades, not years.
RIAA wholesale revenue. Vinyl passed CDs in 2022 — streaming still earns most of the money.
RIAA charts measure dollars, not discs. Vinyl’s comeback is partly price — a new LP costs more than a CD — and partly collectors and artists who wanted a physical artifact again.
Vinyl passed CD revenue in 2022 for the first time since the 1980s. That is mostly symbolism: streaming still earns the vast majority of US music money. The line matters because it shows a format written off twice can still bend back if fans will pay for ritual.